hepatic ascites Hepatic ascites, also known as liver-related ascites or cirrhotic ascites, refers to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity due to liver-related diseases. It is commonly associated with decompensated cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatic vascular diseases, autoimmune liver diseases, liver tumors, and other conditions. The typical presentation of hepatic ascites includes abdominal distension, bloating, and abdominal pain. In cases of extensive ascites, patients may experience difficulty breathing and palpitations. Additionally, symptoms of liver-related diseases such as fatigue, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and jaundice may also be present. The primary treatment approach for this condition focuses on addressing the underlying liver disease, with symptomatic treatment as a supportive measure.

Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity due to liver-related diseases, also known as liver-derived ascites or cirrhotic ascites. It is commonly seen in liver cirrhosis decompensated stage, liver failure, liver vascular diseases, autoimmune liver diseases, liver tumors, and other conditions. The typical symptoms of ascites include abdominal distension, bloating, and abdominal pain. When a large amount of ascites is present, it can lead to difficulty breathing and palpitations. It is often accompanied by symptoms of liver-related diseases such as fatigue, decreased appetite, diarrhea, and jaundice. The principle of treatment for this condition primarily focuses on treating the underlying disease, with symptomatic treatment serving as a supplementary measure.

The common diseases that can lead to ascites include the following:

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis refers to the diffuse proliferation of fibrous tissue in the liver, leading to the destruction of normal liver structure and blood supply on the basis of extensive hepatocyte necrosis. Ascites is a common complication of cirrhosis, particularly when the patient enters the decompensated stage.

Liver failure

Liver failure is caused by various factors such as viral infections, alcohol, drugs, and hepatotoxic substances, resulting in severe impairment of liver functions such as synthesis, excretion, and biotransformation. Patients may present with complex clinical symptoms including coagulation disorders, jaundice, and ascites.

Autoimmune liver diseases

These are a group of liver and bile duct damaging diseases caused by autoimmune abnormalities within the body. In the early stages, the disease is often asymptomatic and difficult to detect, but as the condition progresses, symptoms such as ascites and jaundice may appear.

Liver vascular diseases

Portal vein thrombosis

This refers to the formation of blood clots within the extrahepatic portal vein. During the acute phase of portal vein thrombosis, patients may present with symptoms such as ascites, variceal bleeding, and diarrhea.

Others

Conditions such as Budd-Chiari syndrome and hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome can also cause ascites.

Liver tumors

These refer to tumor lesions occurring in the liver, which can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors such as metastatic liver tumors can lead to symptoms such as ascites, jaundice, and anemia in advanced stages.

It is advisable to consume high-calorie, high-protein, and vitamin-rich foods that are easily digestible.

Follow a low-sodium or salt-free diet and avoid excessive oily foods.

Patients with esophageal varices should avoid consuming rough and hard foods.

Strictly abstain from smoking and alcohol, and control body weight.

Ensure an adequate amount of sleep and maintain a regular daily routine.

Engage in moderate exercise to improve physical fitness.

Maintain a relaxed and cheerful state of mind.

If ascites increases and the condition worsens, seek medical attention immediately to adjust the treatment plan.

Pay attention to the presence of petechiae or ecchymosis on the skin. If bleeding occurs, seek medical attention promptly.

Undergo ultrasound or other imaging examinations every 6 to 12 months.

Regular handwashing is recommended to avoid contact with pathogens. Additionally, vaccination against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, influenza, and pneumonia is advised to prevent hepatitis and reduce the likelihood of developing ascites.

Many health products and medications can be harmful to the liver. Therefore, it is important to seek the advice of the attending physician before using them to avoid self-administration of drugs.