bronchopneumonia Bronchopneumonia, also known as lobular pneumonia, is an inflammation of the bronchial walls and alveoli caused by infection with bacteria, respiratory viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and other pathogens. It is often characterized by typical symptoms such as fever, cough, and sputum production, and can occur throughout the year, with a higher incidence in children and elderly individuals with weakened immune systems.

Headache, fever

Patients may experience chills, headache, and high fever; in elderly or debilitated individuals, body temperature may not be significantly elevated or may even be reduced.

Cough, sputum production

Initially, patients may have an irritating cough, which may lessen as the disease progresses; sputum is often yellowish with pus, and may contain streaks of blood or pus.

Shortness of breath

Manifests as an increased respiratory rate, with infants and young children showing flaring nostrils and retractions in the suprasternal notch and intercostal spaces during inhalation.

Systemic symptoms

Patients may experience general body aches, malaise, and decreased appetite, while infants and young children may exhibit refusal to eat and may regurgitate milk.

For patients with electrolyte imbalances, prompt rehydration and correction of acidosis are essential.

Maintain a balanced diet and ensure adequate vitamin supplementation. For patients with difficulty in eating, temporary parenteral nutrition may be considered.

Clear nasal secretions promptly to maintain airway patency. Nebulization therapy can be used for patients with bronchospasm and edema.

Oxygen therapy and respiratory support: Patients with hypoxemia may require nasal cannula or mask oxygen therapy to maintain oxygen saturation above 90%.

Cough and sputum management: When sputum clearance is impaired, expectorants, nebulization therapy, and postural drainage can be used to facilitate sputum expulsion.

Temperature control: In cases of high fever, physical cooling methods (e.g., cold compress) may be used, and antipyretic drugs should be used cautiously.

Exercise: Engage in physical activity to enhance nutrition and boost immune function.

Diet: Maintain a balanced diet, consume plenty of vegetables and fruits, and supplement with vitamins.

Environment: Use a humidifier indoors to facilitate sputum expectoration, but ensure strict cleaning to prevent bacterial accumulation, which can lead to infection. Additionally, ensure good ventilation and a comfortable environment, and avoid crowded or poorly ventilated places, as well as close contact with infected individuals.

Medication: Adhere to the prescribed course of treatment and avoid discontinuing medication without medical advice.

Other: Ensure adequate rest and hydration during the illness.

Ensure proper ventilation by opening windows and avoid crowded or poorly ventilated areas.

Avoid crowded places and close contact with individuals with respiratory infections.

Quit smoking and avoid excessive alcohol consumption.

Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing teeth regularly.

Cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing to reduce the spread or acquisition of pathogens.

Receive vaccinations.