Mycoplasma pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia, also known as mycoplasmal pneumonia, is a lower respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. It is mainly characterized by cough, fever, and is prone to occur in crowded environments, and can be transmitted through droplets and direct contact.

Typically, symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and gradually worsen over 2-4 days. The symptoms include fatigue, muscle pain, moderate fever lasting 2-3 weeks, persistent and intense dry cough with thick sputum, as well as headache, sore throat, and chest pain.

The primary cause is the infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Healthy individuals can inhale the secretions expelled by infected individuals through coughing and sneezing, leading to respiratory tract and lung inflammation.

The use of antibiotics, such as macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones, in the early stages can alleviate symptoms and shorten the duration of the illness. However, it is essential to consult a physician to choose the most appropriate medication based on individual circumstances. Corticosteroids may be considered for rapidly progressing or refractory cases, with methylprednisolone being a commonly used drug. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is not routinely recommended but may be used as an adjunctive treatment for patients with neurological disorders, hemolytic anemia, or thrombocytopenic purpura.

Patients should avoid staying up late and ensure adequate sleep, avoid exposure to cold, maintain suitable indoor temperature and humidity, minimize smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke, and avoid contact with other infected individuals to prevent cross-infection.

Engaging in outdoor activities and regular exercise can boost immunity and resistance to pathogens. Adhering to good hygiene practices, such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, proper disposal of used tissues, and frequent handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers, are important preventive measures. During autumn and winter, it is advisable to avoid prolonged stays in densely populated areas, and smoking should be strictly avoided as it can compromise lung health and increase susceptibility to infections.